Pulp and paperPulp and paper millsPulp and Paper transform woodWood into paper through a series of integrated processes, including wood preparation, pulpingPulping, chemical recoveryRecoveryChemical recovery, bleachingBleaching, and papermakingPapermaking. Pulp is derived from either virgin fiber or recycled paper, which contributes roughly 50% of the fiber supply. Alternative celluloseCellulose sources, such as strawStraw or hemp, are occasionally used. Wood is processed to separate fibers from ligninLignins, followed by mechanical or chemical pulpingChemical pulping, bleachingBleaching, and refinement according to paper grade. The resulting pulp is then dried and pressed into sheets. After use, paper is increasingly recycled, while non-recycled material is typically landfilled or incinerated, mitigating environmental impactEnvironmental impacts. This chapter provides a foundational overview of the pulp and paperPulp and paper manufacturing process.