The global pulp and paper industryPulp and paper industries remains a critical sector, producing over 400 million tons annually to satisfy growing demand for packaging, printing, and hygiene products. The industry faces numerous challenges, including resource scarcity, high energy consumption, stringent environmental regulations, and volatile market demand. While woodWood fibers continue to dominate as the primary raw material, the use of recycled fibersRecycled fibers is steadily increasing to improve sustainabilitySustainability. Advances in process automation, digitalization, and energy-efficient technologies are reshaping operations, while companies increasingly embrace circular economyCircular economy principles, sustainable sourcing, and alternative fibersAlternative fibers to mitigate environmental impactEnvironmental impacts and maintain long-term competitiveness. This chapter provides an overview of the current status of the global pulp and paper industryPulp and paper industries.