Globally, landslides cause a high economic cost to the transportation infrastructure that affects the connectivity, increases the cost of maintenance, and slows socio-economic growth. The review is a synthesis of the research literature around the world and India that has been conducted to look at direct costs such as road repair, structural restoration, and emergency response and indirect costs such as traffic delays, business interruption, and supply chain disruption. In the world landslides result in a loss of about 20 billion dollars every year in the economy, with significant loss incurred on transportation infrastructure. In India, the high-impact events in Kerala (hole of 4500 crores lost road value), Himachal Pradesh (hole of 500 crores), and Sikkim (hole of 2000 crores) point to the fragility of mountainous areas. The study places a strong accent on the fact that infrastructure planning and human activity, especially road construction work tend to increase the landslide vulnerability Methodological frameworks based on GIS, network modeling as well as cost–benefit analysis have been employed in the assessment and mitigation of effects. Categories of socio-economic consequences and policy development in the years 2009–2019 can be explained by case studies and statistical compilations in India, covering 412 major landslides. In spite of these activities, there are still issues of data paucity, standardization of measures, and ecological resilience. Solutions that could be recommended are improvements of slope stabilization methods, the early warning, bioengineering methods, and community-based planning. This review highlights the importance of proactive and multidisciplinary approach in ensuring that transportation networks are not disrupted due to the occurrence of a landslide.