Concluding Thoughts
摘要
This concluding chapter reiterates how the presentation of witchcraft prosecutions was demonstrative of negotiated psychogenesis and sociogenesis in early modern Britain. Through the analysis of popular witchcraft pamphlets distributed to national audiences, the chapter concludes that gender-specific figurations and religious decentralisation formed crucial, previously under-examined aspects of state formation. The redefinition of women as violent through witchcraft addresses a fundamental historical and processual paradox: how to pacify the already pacified. Without this redefinition, women’s historically developed negotiative skills could have provided gendered advantages in the newly pacified social relations, potentially undermining patriarchal state legitimacy. The result was the development of the concept of the ultimate outsider: the witch. Witchcraft prosecutions are shown to align with the process of state formation through three mechanisms: removing violent individuals from communities, preventing vigilante justice, and demonstrating state monopolisation of legitimate violence. The chapter argues that religious decentralisation constituted a necessary third pillar of state formation alongside monopolies on violence and taxation. The chapter concludes that the rise and decline of witch prosecutions represented both the gendered demonisation necessary for patriarchal state formation and the fundamental shift in psychogenesis required for religious detachment from civil society, marking witchcraft’s victims as significant casualties of the European civilizing process.