Hypertension is believed to be the leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. While obesity, high sodiumSodium intake, and sedentary lifestyle are well-established pathological factors for hypertension, environmental toxicants including mercury (Hg) are increasingly being recognized as contributors to elevated blood pressure. Exposure to Hg occurs through occupational sources, pollution, and dietary intake, particularly from methylmercury-contaminated fish. Several lines of accumulating evidence suggest Hg induces oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and renal injury, as well as causing a disturbance of the renin–angiotensin system and the sympathetic nervous system. Accordingly, this review describes some of the experimental and clinical lines of evidence for Hg exposure and the induction of hypertension as well as the underlying mechanisms of action of Hg in the pathogenesis of hypertension in susceptible populations as well as the implications for public health.