Marine-derived micronutrients, essential components of blue biotechnology for health benefits, represent a vast and largely unexplored resource with significant health advantages and therapeutic potential. There is a growing need to explore ecologically sustainable marine alternatives for novel health-promoting compounds, as terrestrial sources of plant-based bioactive molecules become depleted and the burden of chronic disease rises. The aquatic environment produces a wide array of micronutrients, including polysaccharides, peptides, trace elements, and omega-3-rich lipids, through innovative adaptation to harsh conditions. These micronutrients tend to be more abundant, bioavailable, and pharmaceutically active than their terrestrial counterparts. Marine-derived compounds are highly valuable for formulating nutraceuticals and medicines for health and disease, as they play crucial roles in regulating cellular pathways, reducing oxidative stress, enhancing immune function, and modulating gene expression. This chapter emphasizes the need for advanced bioharvesting techniques, such as photobioreactors and controlled aquaculture, to provide a sustainable and efficient supply of valuable micronutrients and drugs without harming marine biodiversity. The development of targeted delivery systems, which improve the therapeutic efficacy and bioavailability of marine-based micronutrients, has also become possible through nanotechnology. Future advances in healthcare technology will be driven by ocean nutrients, benefiting the environment and the blue economy while accelerating improvements in human health and well-being.