Nutrient recovery from wastewater is crucial not only for preventing environmental pollution but also for contributing to sustainability. Phosphorus, a non-renewable resource expected to be depleted within the next century, if effectively recovered and reused, can reduce our dependence on decreasing natural reserves. Similarly, recovering nitrogen from wastewater helps mitigate greenhouse gas emissions typically associated with conventional biological processes. This work emphasizes the principles of adsorption and highlights recent advancements in adsorption-based removal and recovery of ammoniacal nitrogen and phosphate from wastewater. Case studies are also discussed to demonstrate the benefits of integrated and circular approaches, which address the limitations of standalone technologies. Finally, this chapter discusses current challenges and outlines future directions for the development of adsorption-based sustainable technologies for nutrient recovery from wastewater.