Long head of the biceps (LHB) pathology is one of the most common causes of anterior shoulder pain. Diagnosing LHB pathology through a physical examination is challenging since the various shoulder tests are inconsistent and difficult to validate. A thorough patient history and understanding of the injury mechanism is a very important diagnostic resource. The anatomy and pathology of the LHB tendon can be divided into the intra-articular and the extra-articular parts. The surgical treatment consists of labral repair, tenotomy, and tenodesis. Previous surgical techniques could result in several possible complications; the most common ones are cramps, pain, and Popeye deformity. Recently, the use of the long head of the biceps in shoulder surgery has been proposed in different surgical techniques as an autograft.