In recent years, many advancements have been achieved in cartilage repair techniques, with the transition from Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (ACI) to scaffold-based therapies. While ACI initially showed promise, concerns over its two-step surgery and postoperative care led to a shift toward scaffold-based approaches. These scaffolds, categorized into chondral and osteochondral types, aim to mimic native cartilage properties and facilitate tissue regeneration. This chapter reviews various scaffold-based techniques, including Autologous Matrix-Induced Chondrogenesis (AMIC)® and osteochondral scaffolds like MaioRegen® and Agili-C®, highlighting their surgical procedures, postoperative care, and clinical outcomes. Notably, recent consensus guidelines have standardized indications for scaffold-based surgeries, improving clinical decision-making. Additionally, the chapter examines complications associated with these techniques and presents results from literature reviews, emphasizing the efficacy of scaffold-based therapies in mid- to long-term cartilage repair. Finally, observations are made for cartilage repair in athletes, stressing the importance of personalized treatment approaches based on lesion characteristics and patient demographics.