Chromium (Cr) contamination, especially in its hexavalent form (Cr (VI)), poses a significant threat to environmental and human health due to its high mobility, solubility, and toxicity. Traditional remediation methods are effective in some cases but often fall short in sustainability, cost-effectiveness, and ecological safety. Bioengineering, an integrated biological system with modern genetic and synthetic tools, provides a promising alternative for Cr detoxification. This chapter explores the sources and environmental behavior of Cr, focusing on its industrial origins and ecological impacts. It then delves into biological detoxification mechanisms such as microbial reduction, biosorption, and enzymatic transformation. Central to the discussion are bioengineering strategies involving genetically modified microbes, phytoremediation using transgenic plants, and synthetic biology platforms that enhance bioremediation efficiency. Real-world applications, challenges, and future prospects are discussed, emphasizing the integration of bioengineered systems in large-scale environmental clean-up operations. This chapter provides an accessible yet technical overview for researchers and practitioners working toward sustainable Cr remediation solutions.