The last chapter of the book presents the main conclusions drawn from the experimental findings and methodological developments explored throughout this work. It highlights the successful fabrication and characterisation of 2D materials and nanostructures, the demonstration of anisotropic heat transport and the optimisation of thermoelectric performance through interfacial engineering. Local modulation of the Seebeck coefficient and pioneering electro- and thermomechanical characterisation of twisted and unidimensional systems are also summarised. Limitations related to spatial resolution, diffusive assumptions and temperature range are discussed. Finally, future research directions are proposed, emphasising the need for quantum-level modelling, cryogenic SPM and atomic-scale transport studies.