Building types such as residential, commercial, and institutional facilities require Mechanical Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning systems to support maintaining Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) and promoting energy efficiency. These systems initialize conditions of temperature, humidity, air purity, as well as ventilation to create comfort and health for the occupant. However, the conventional HVAC control schemes, which generally rely on pre-defined schedules and rule-based logic, usually fail to respond dynamically to changing occupancy levels, changing external conditions, and varying internal load. As a consequence, they tend to operate inefficiently, causing increased energy consumption and inconsistent comfort. This paper examines these challenges by investigating advanced control strategies such as Model Predictive Control (MPC), Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven algorithms, and Occupant-Centric Control (OCC) approaches. These strategies connect live sensor inputs, environmental projections, and adaptive feedback solutions to facilitate anticipation-driven control decisions based on data. This way, HVAC systems can be maximized for energy efficiency while maintaining or improving upon IEQ. The study presents a thorough analysis of available and emerging technologies, which it analyzes in terms of their technical characteristics, practical limits, and applicability to current HVAC architectures. An approach is provided, combining predictive and adaptive control schemes based on mathematical modeling and the use of mathematical simulation in the verification of the proposed approach. Based on these findings, it can be suggested that the application of these modern strategies can substantially enhance efficiency for HVAC and decrease the associated expenditures for the operation while also enhancing sustainable building operations. The paper ends with practical recommendations for their implementation and outlines future directions for research that would enable the introduction of intelligent HVAC cord control systems as widespread as possible.