Electric vehicles (EVs) are now increasingly seen as the bedrock for sustainable and eco-friendly transportation. Nonetheless, EVs’ effectiveness and reliability are largely dependent on thermal management of their power system, especially the battery pack. Conventional thermal management systems are often unable to adjust to varying operating conditions, which creates risks such as thermal runaway, loss of energy efficiency, and increased battery degradation. To overcome these challenges, this paper suggests a solution called the Adaptive Thermal Management System (ATMS) to fuse renewable energies and eco-friendly materials for thermal regulation on a real-time basis. The ATMS architecture proposed has photovoltaic (PV) panels. PCM is biodegradable; it has dual dual-layer heat exchanger with an embedded thermoelectric module. Microfluidic channels are incorporated to obtain precise control over thermal gradients and fluid flow for active or passive heat exchange. The system has capable instrumentation, such as thermocouples, infrared thermal cameras, solar irradiance sensors, and heat flux meters, being used to monitor and assess thermal behaviour through various operational scenarios. Simulation and practical testing show that the ATMS provides better thermal equilibrium, power savings, and battery life over conventional fixed-capacity type of cooling systems. Besides, the integration of solar power is employed to achieve partial energy autonomy and CO₂ offset, thus promoting the sustainability of the EV operations. The proposed solution presents a holistic approach integrating smart use of energy and material innovation. This study highlights the effectiveness of adaptive clean-energy thermal systems as a decisive revolutionary advancement for the next generation of electric vehicles, departing from technological performance to environmental stewardship goals.