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This study explores the potential of Design of Experiments (DoE) techniques to formulate sustainable binders utilizing volcanic ashes (VA), assessed based on rheological and mechanical performance. Alkali Activated Materials (AAMs) were prepared, and factors including L/S ratio, curing temperature, activator molar ratio (SiO₂/Na₂O), admixture, mixing time, and mixing speed were studied. Plackett-Burman screening design was used to identify the most significant factors for AAMs. The results suggest that the rheological performance is not easily predicted and that mixing time and L/S ratio are the two main parameters controlling yield stress. Compressive strength can be more reliably predicted, although some differences are observed depending on the curing time. Curing temperature seems to positively correlate with 14 days strength, although an opposite behaviour is observed at 28 days. The alkaline solution SiO2/Na2O ratio positively correlates with strength within the range of studied values, whereas not significant effect on yield stress is observed. The predictive model shows a significance of 0.0025 at a 95% confidence level for the 28 days compressive strength, confirming its reliability in estimating the mechanical properties based on the binder mix formulation and mixing procedure.

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Design of Experiment for Low-Carbon Cements with Volcanic Ashes and Calcined Clay

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Victor Kiptoo Mutai,
  • Anas Driouich,
  • Joseph Mwiti Marangu,
  • Luca Valentini

摘要

This study explores the potential of Design of Experiments (DoE) techniques to formulate sustainable binders utilizing volcanic ashes (VA), assessed based on rheological and mechanical performance. Alkali Activated Materials (AAMs) were prepared, and factors including L/S ratio, curing temperature, activator molar ratio (SiO₂/Na₂O), admixture, mixing time, and mixing speed were studied. Plackett-Burman screening design was used to identify the most significant factors for AAMs. The results suggest that the rheological performance is not easily predicted and that mixing time and L/S ratio are the two main parameters controlling yield stress. Compressive strength can be more reliably predicted, although some differences are observed depending on the curing time. Curing temperature seems to positively correlate with 14 days strength, although an opposite behaviour is observed at 28 days. The alkaline solution SiO2/Na2O ratio positively correlates with strength within the range of studied values, whereas not significant effect on yield stress is observed. The predictive model shows a significance of 0.0025 at a 95% confidence level for the 28 days compressive strength, confirming its reliability in estimating the mechanical properties based on the binder mix formulation and mixing procedure.