This paper presents applications of the dielectricDielectric barrier dischargeDielectric barrier discharge using cold plasmaCold plasma formation for treating microplastics in water. The effect of cold plasmaCold plasma on various systems is connected with the rapid production of a series of reactive species, including hydrogen peroxide, radicals, and non-radicals. An evident advantage of this approach is the inactivation of dangerous pathogens and organisms without adversely affecting or damaging the quality of various products, tissues, and the natural environmentEnvironment. The growing pollution due to microplastics in natural water poses a significant challenge, thus provoking destructive effects on living organisms. Therefore, scientists in many research centers address this problem by applying modern technologies, including cold plasma devices. The numerous publications confirm an interest in this research area; however, at the moment, the struggle with the microplastics in the world's oceans and surface water bodies cannot be called successful, due to the continuing massive inflow of plastic pollutants, growing in a geometrical progression. Thus, special efforts are needed to elaborate truly working, low-cost and highly productive treatment technologies (simultaneously with the legislative measures meant to substantially decrease/limit the plastic items production and uses and to control its discharges into the natural environment), with no side detrimental effects on the environmentEnvironment, to treat plastic-polluted waters. This subject requires further studies to understand the reactions better and manage them efficiently. This paper is an attempt to summarize the previous international experience in this area, which should serve as a base for further research and improvements, specifically, in the area of double dielectricDielectric discharge technology application for the treatment of micro- and nanoplastics-pollutedMicroplastic and nanoplastics pollution waters. Also, it is highlighted that a complex approach towards resolving this problem is essential, meaning that a series of organizational, legislative, and other related actions should be applied along with advanced and efficient technical measures.