The article analyses the main factors shaping the supply of traditional liquid fuels in Europe and their impact on price dynamics. It leveraged the IMRaD framework, combining literature and sectoral data review with scenario analysis based on recent market disruptions such as OPEC + decisions, refinery failures, cyberattacks, and geopolitical conflicts. The results indicate that supply is limited by the availability of raw material, processing capacity, logistics, regulations, and sudden shocks, which quickly translate into retail prices. A recurring pattern of price asymmetry has been identified, i.e. rapid price increases with slower declines. The proposals highlight the importance of diversifying supplies, maintaining strategic reserves and regulatory oversight to increase market resilience. The analysis provides practical guidance for policymakers, energy regulators, and fuel market operators.