The development of intelligent electric vehicles can provide users with safety, comfort, and economic benefits, but also result in environmental pollution. Localization is one of the key challenges in the development of autonomous vehicles, as it enables the vehicle to accurately determine its position in space in real time. Without precise and reliable localization, autonomous navigation and decision-making are not feasible. This paper provides an overview of modern localization methods, including the use of GPS, inertial measurement units (IMU), LiDAR, cameras, and high-resolution maps. Special attention is given to sensor fusion algorithms, such as Kalman and Monte Carlo filters, which allow for more robust and accurate position estimation.