In Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) using Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication, visual data exchanged between cars, infrastructure, and cloud servers must be secure and protected with integrity. The scalability, real-time processing, and cyberattack resistance were typical problems of encryption using traditional techniques. The paper communicates a hybrid architecture integrating Optical Image Encryption (OIE) and Blockchain to enhance the security in V2X systems for computer vision at a distributed platform. The method safely encodes vehicle–generated images in the Fourier domain using Double Random Phase Encoding (DRPE) with chaotic key generation (Lorenz and Henon maps). Data redundancy is reduced, and significant image features are preserved such that data transmission occurs with low latency and is efficient. Real-time integrity checks and tamper-proof authentication are afforded by the SHA-3 hash of the encrypted image stored on the blockchain. Distributed storage systems are designed around an avoidance of single points of failure, smart contracts allow safe access control and automated photo validation. In this structure, zero-knowledge proofs (ZKP) with post-quantum cryptography (PQC) combine to defend for the long haul from cyberattacks, even when quantum-enabled. This solution is a scalable, distributed, future-proof approach for secure, intelligent transportation networks. Therefore, the dependability and confidence of the V2X-based vision systems.