Sealing the Future: Ensuring Air Tightness for Sustainable Homes
摘要
Air tightness in buildings was a critical parameter in the pursuit of energy-efficient and sustainable homes. Ensuring an airtight building envelope minimizes energy loss, reduced heating and cooling demands, mitigated moisture damage, and enhanced indoor environmental quality. The construction industry predominantly relies on tapes and adhesives to achieve air tightness at overlaps and joints. However, field surveys documented instances where these tape joints failed, leading to slippage, compromised air tightness, and increased air leakage. The failures originated from mechanical loads on the joint or poor workmanship during tape installation and foil layer joining. This project systematically investigated the small but persistent loads that tape joints endured over extended periods due to ventilation and wind exposure. By characterizing these loads, we aimed to better predict the long-term performance and durability of tape and adhesive systems used in building construction. Our methodology involved independent testing of various material combinations, including both foil and tape, under laboratory-scale and full-scale wall conditions. This dual-scale approach allowed for a comprehensive evaluation of material performance under controlled conditions and realistic scenarios. Additionally, an interview study among craftsmen regarding tape installation instructions provided valuable insight into real conditions. The results from material tests showed significant differences in robustness regarding air tightness between the investigated systems in both wall-sized and laboratory-scale. The interview study revealed a major deficiency in the use and compliance with installation instructions. The empirical data from the project were utilized to develop a simple risk management tool, including a digital educational package specifically designed for builders of single-family homes.