‘Britons Demand Justice’: Historical Archaeology of the Response to the Peterloo Massacre
摘要
The 16th of August 1819 was a fine summer’s day. Working class people from Manchester and its satellite towns and villages walked to St Peter’s Fields, an established meeting point. They convened a mass platform meeting to discuss and declare the need for parliamentary reform and male suffrage. Around 60,000 men, women, and children attended, supporting the cause. Perhaps they also wanted to hear the famed political orator, Henry Hunt, speak. The fine summer’s day ended in tragedy. The onlooking magistrates saw shadows of sedition in a peaceful crowd and charged the yeomanry and Hussars with dispersing the assembly. They chose violence. At least 18 people died, and hundreds were injured. The youngest death was a 2 year old boy. This era of radicalism gained new martyrs and trauma. Four years earlier, the military was celebrated as heroes at Waterloo. Now in industrial Manchester, they were villains. The memory of Peterloo was born. This chapter unpicks the memory of Peterloo, using a historical archaeology framework combined with sociological theories on celebrity to analyse the landscape and material culture’s role in navigating remembrance.