This chapter presents the opportunities and challenges of remote sensing to support sustainable development and the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In the first part, the most important background of remote sensing, its history and the available data and methods are presented. This is relevant to making informed decisions about whether and which remote sensing data are suitable to obtain appropriate information for the intended purpose. Then it is shown how remote sensing can be applied for sustainable development and to achieve selected SDGs. This is done by presenting selected specific examples, including the use of remote sensing to support the sustainable development along river oases, crop monitoring for planning sustainable land use and monitoring of urban sprawl and air quality to support the planning of sustainable cities. The key takeaway messages of this contribution are that remote sensing is well capable of identifying and monitoring land cover, land use and their changes to obtain important baseline data for planning of sustainable land use. This also applies to various indicators of the SDGs. The main advantage of remote sensing is that continuous data with similar information and quality can be obtained (almost) globally irrespectively of country borders. Moreover, a large variety of variables can be measured. However, to obtain accurate results, ground truth is beneficial, and for several applications the available temporal and spatial resolution is not good enough. Therefore, it needs to be critically investigated if and how remote sensing can be used for a specific purpose.