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This study investigates how intergenerational differences in the interpretation and use of emojis influence communication processes and outcomes in instant messaging applications. By analyzing 1455 WhatsApp messages exchanged within a multigenerational family group, we identified different emoji usage strategies among Generation Z, Millennials, Generation X, and Baby Boomers. Younger generations use emojis more frequently and in complex combinations, enhancing messages by exploring the complementary and expressive potential of emojis, while older generations demonstrate more conservative usage, leading to potential misunderstandings. The findings highlight the importance of recognizing generational variations to foster effective digital communication across age groups. Based on the results, the authors propose a typological structure of generational approaches to emojis usage that could serve as a heuristic for future studies examining intergenerational digital communication.

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“Tell Me About It in Emojis”: Intergenerational Differences in Emojis Usage on WhatsApp

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Margarida Alves,
  • Ana Carla Amaro,
  • Rui Rodrigues

摘要

This study investigates how intergenerational differences in the interpretation and use of emojis influence communication processes and outcomes in instant messaging applications. By analyzing 1455 WhatsApp messages exchanged within a multigenerational family group, we identified different emoji usage strategies among Generation Z, Millennials, Generation X, and Baby Boomers. Younger generations use emojis more frequently and in complex combinations, enhancing messages by exploring the complementary and expressive potential of emojis, while older generations demonstrate more conservative usage, leading to potential misunderstandings. The findings highlight the importance of recognizing generational variations to foster effective digital communication across age groups. Based on the results, the authors propose a typological structure of generational approaches to emojis usage that could serve as a heuristic for future studies examining intergenerational digital communication.