Over the past ten years, the use of nanoparticle reinforcements to improve the mechanical propertiesMechanical properties of metallic alloysMetallic alloys has become a major area of research. This work presents a critical review of the literature focused on enhancing the tensile strengthTensile strength of aluminumAluminum and its alloys via nanomaterial reinforcementNanomaterial reinforcement. Using Web of Science for data mining and bibliometric analysis, we evaluated the current research on strengthening mechanisms, processingProcessing techniques, and resulting mechanical propertiesMechanical properties. From this analysis, ten seminal articles were selected for in-depth review. A key finding is the effective use of ceramic nanoparticles, particularly titanium diboride (TiB2) nanoparticles, carbonCarbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, and silicon carbide (SiC), which provide strengthening through Orowan strengthening and load transferLoad transfer. This review clarifies that while these particles may not primarily function as nucleants, the substantial increase in tensile strengthTensile strength is achieved through the combined action of the Hall–Petch effect (from the fineFines-grained microstructureMicrostructure) alongside Orowan strengthening and load transferLoad transfer caused by the nanoparticles.