Inert Anodes and Wetted Cathodes for Aluminium Production: Principles and Challenges
摘要
The decomposition voltage of inert anodesInert anode at 800 °C is close to the voltage for aluminaAlumina decomposition, indicating that the anodic overvoltage cannot be too high, and the alumina concentrationAlumina concentration should be near saturation. Sufficient alumina concentrationAlumina concentration at the anodeAnode may be challenging at low temperatures due to low solubility and diffusion coefficient. The “slurry cellSlurry cell” concept was analysed. The aluminaAlumina particles need to be very small (<10 μm) to affect the transport rate at the anodeAnode. Materials for wetted cathodeWetted cathode are discussed. Solid cathodes with a thin metal film are vulnerable to the formation of solids in the less AlF3 rich bath at the cathode. Based on a voltage breakdownBreakdown, the energy consumptionEnergy consumption with inert anodesInert anode will be higher than in the Hall-Héroult process at current densitiesCurrent density above 3.7 kA/m2. The factors above all indicate that the current densityCurrent density needs to be considerably lower with inert anodesInert anode than in a traditional cell.