When steelSteel is melted, impurities and residual elementsResidual element will float to the top of the melt and form a layer of liquid oxides called slag. Slag is an essential component in the steelmakingSteelmaking processProcess due to its interactions with the liquid steelSteel bath, furnace refractories, and external environment. Steelmakers can introduce gas into the bath either by direct injection of gas or by adding carbon and oxygen leading to the generation and reaction of CO and FeO. These gases lead to the slag forming a foam system. Proper foaming of slag leads to increased energy efficiency, protection of refractories, and removalRemoval of undesired dissolved elements in the melt. Optimizing foam generation is a complex processProcess that involves control of many factors, including but not limited to, slag composition, viscosityViscosity, and either gas injection rate or gas formation rate.