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The dielectric, magnetic, thermal, and piezoelectric propertiesProperties, among others, make barium titanate a great material for many applications. Several variables determine the propertiesProperties of the material, among them the most important; the microstructureMicrostructure and the chemical composition, therefore, the precursor materials and the synthesisSynthesis method have a very important role. In this work, the microstructural propertiesProperties of the precursor elements are analyzed by SEMScanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), BaTiO3BaTiO3 doped with Eu+3 and Gd+3 is sintered by the solid-state reaction method, at 1250 °C for 5 h with a step of 4 °C per minute with x = 0.0, 0.001, 0.003, and 0.005, Ba1−2xGd2xTi1−2xEu2xO3 was used, and the type of atomic substitution at sites A and/or B in the ABO3 formula of barium titanate is analyzed. A tetragonal ferroelectric phase of barium titanate is determined by XRDX-Ray Diffraction (XRD) corresponding to JCPDS 96-901-4869, and the structural parameters a, b, c; volume; and crystal size are calculated by Rietveld refinement.

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Synthesis and Structural Evolution of BaTiO3 Doubly Doped with Eu+3 and Gd+3 by Solid-State Reaction Method

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Ricardo Martinez Lopez,
  • Rocío Ortega Palacios,
  • Daniel Robles Camarillo,
  • Carlos Ernesto Borja Soto,
  • Francisca Santana Robles,
  • Isaías Simón Marmolejo,
  • Isidro Jesús González Hernández,
  • Juan Pablo Hernández Lara,
  • Abel Jiménez Jiménez

摘要

The dielectric, magnetic, thermal, and piezoelectric propertiesProperties, among others, make barium titanate a great material for many applications. Several variables determine the propertiesProperties of the material, among them the most important; the microstructureMicrostructure and the chemical composition, therefore, the precursor materials and the synthesisSynthesis method have a very important role. In this work, the microstructural propertiesProperties of the precursor elements are analyzed by SEMScanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), BaTiO3BaTiO3 doped with Eu+3 and Gd+3 is sintered by the solid-state reaction method, at 1250 °C for 5 h with a step of 4 °C per minute with x = 0.0, 0.001, 0.003, and 0.005, Ba1−2xGd2xTi1−2xEu2xO3 was used, and the type of atomic substitution at sites A and/or B in the ABO3 formula of barium titanate is analyzed. A tetragonal ferroelectric phase of barium titanate is determined by XRDX-Ray Diffraction (XRD) corresponding to JCPDS 96-901-4869, and the structural parameters a, b, c; volume; and crystal size are calculated by Rietveld refinement.