Co-doped BaTiO₃ Ceramics for Advanced Capacitor Applications: Structural and Dielectric Analysis
摘要
Ba₁₋₃ₓCr₂ₓTi₁₋₃ₓEr₄ₓO₃ solid solutionsSolid solutions, with x = 0 and 0.25 (wt. %), were synthesized via ball milling method followed by thermal treatment. The powders were milled for 6 h using zirconia balls of varying diameters, with acetone as a process controlProcess control agent. The resulting mixtures were sintered at 1200 °C for 6 h (5 °C/min ramp) in air atmosphere. X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of a predominantly tetragonal BaTiO₃ phase. CapacitorCapacitor-type samples (10 mm) were fabricated and sintered at 1200 °C for 6 h (5 °C/min ramp) in air atmosphere. Subsequent dielectric characterizationCharacterization revealed that co-dopingDoping with Er3⁺ and Cr3⁺ significantly enhanced the dielectric response at 4 and 10 kHz, compared to undoped BaTiO₃. HRSEM-EDS analysis showed well-sintered microstructuresMicrostructure with characteristic necking and homogeneous dopant distribution, suggesting successful incorporation into the perovskitePerovskites lattice. These results underscore the potential of Er3⁺/Cr3⁺ co-doped BaTiO₃ as a promising material for advanced capacitorCapacitor applications.