The Monthly Panjābī and the Promotion of the Punjabi Language in Pakistan (1951–1960)
摘要
This chapter examines the role of the monthly Panjābī in the defence and promotion of the Punjabi language in Pakistan between 1951 and 1960. Punjabi was in those years often stigmatised as a ‘backward’ non-standardised dialect and as the ‘language of the Sikhs’, and its defenders were often suspected of jeopardising the unity of Pakistan which was guaranteed by the use of Urdu as a single official language. The chapter analyses how the editors of Panjābī sought to combat these stigmas, change Punjabi’s image, and legitimise their movement. They attempted to enrich Punjabi’s literary capital by publishing a large number of texts in different genres, presented a strategy for language and corpus planning, and published patriotic texts in Punjabi, to prove that this language could be the medium of a Pakistani nationalist ideology. Above all, they attempted to carve for Punjabi a separate Pakistani identity, through a process of ‘Pakistanisation’: linguist Sardar Khan presented a proposal for a standardisation of Punjabi in Pakistan which would distinguish it from ‘Sikhs’ Punjabi’, and Faqeer Mohammad Faqeer advocated the production of a specifically Pakistani Punjabi literature, conveying the values of the new nation.