African communities face significant health challenges related to environmental pollution through various forms such as soil degradation from pollutants, water contamination, airborne toxins, improper waste disposal practices and global warming phenomena. Processes causing environmental contamination encompass the geochemical circulation of naturally occurring elements as well as those introduced by human activities; they may result in numerous health issues and socioeconomic problems. The aim of this Chapter revolves around the synthesis and evaluation of recent studies linking geogenic pollutants in soil, water and air directly to various environmental health issues affecting Africans. Although numerous research efforts have been dedicated to addressing disease prevention through methods related to soil, water and air pollution across Sub-Saharan Africa, significant gaps in knowledge remain regarding effective pollution control strategies as well as optimal approaches for combatting resultant illnesses. Addressing these knowledge deficiencies demands an extensive comprehension of how different pollutants interact and their routes into ecosystems. This comprehensive insight will broaden our ability to diagnose numerous African environmental health issues effectively and guide us towards sound solutions.