Medical Geology studies the interrelationship between geological materials and processes and the health of man and animals, with the goal of deciphering credible ways of combatting these diseases. The chapters in this book synthesise the current status of some critical aspects of the Medical Geology research around the Continent during the last decade, documents the successes, identifies the knowledge gaps, addresses the pitfalls and examines the current challenges and future perspectives. It is against this backdrop that the design of further research on the subject would be predicated.