Quantifying urban groundwater recharge sources and discharge sinks in the urban environment is a challenging task. All major components of the hydrological cycle are influenced by the urban setting with complex effects. Precipitation patterns are directly related to urban conditions. Increases and decreases of precipitation quantities are controlled by the specifics of the urban microclimate. Urbanization’s influence on infiltration capacity of natural and anthropogenic soils needs to be evaluated to understand the relationship between land use development and aquifers. Water losses from urban utilities are critical as they are a primary source of groundwater recharge in urban areas. Depending on the hydraulic gradient between wastewater or stormwater levels in conduits and the aquifer hydraulic head, the sewer conduit can act as a recharge source or a discharge sink. Most underground civil works require important dewatering projects. At the city scale these influence the hydrological cycle, changing the behavior and movement of groundwater. Urban impacts are observed also in the interaction between groundwater and surface water bodies, since surface water acts in many situations as a controlling reservoir for aquifers.