This chapter focuses on two traditional villagesTraditional villages—Guishan Village and Guihai Village—on Guishan Island, part of the Wanshan Archipelago in Zhuhai, and examines the settlement patterns and cultural evolution shaped by the island’s unique environmental context. As a strategic node at the Pearl River Estuary, Guishan Island possesses distinctive geographical and ecological resources. From the perspectives of Hakka and Tanka cultures, the chapter analyzes the spatial organization, architectural characteristics, and cultural expressions of the two villages under environmental constraints. Guishan Village, built along the mountain slopes, exhibits typical features of Hakka agrarian culture, characterized by a defensive and agriculture-oriented spatial order. In contrast, Guihai Village, organized around the harbor, reflects Tanka culture’s fishery-oriented economy and its open, adaptive spatial layoutSpatial layout. By investigating the natural setting, cultural background, settlement evolution, and spatial structureSpatial structure of the two villages, the chapter reveals the interplay and adaptive mechanisms between nature and culture in the formation of island settlements. Finally, from the perspective of tourism development and cultural heritage conservation, the chapter discusses sustainable development strategies for Guishan and Guihai villages, aiming to provide theoretical insights and practical implications for the study and preservation of similar island settlements.