This study develops an innovative multi-agent model of human capital management aimed at minimizing the negative consequences of the “brain drain” and stimulating sustainable development in donor countries. Through a systemic analysis of the determinants of scientific personnel migration, including economic, socio-psychological, political and environmental factors, and the use of a set of mathematical methods (network analysis, econometric modeling of time series, multicriteria verbal analysis), the study identifies key application points for human capital management policy. The results confirm the hypothesis about the dominant role of economic instability and imbalance in living standards, and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model for classifying migration risks and optimizing management decisions.