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Spent catalysts from petroleum refining and chemical industries are valuable secondary sources of molybdenum (Mo) and vanadiumVanadium (V), yet their efficient recoveryRecovery remains challenging. This paper reviews hydrometallurgical techniques for extracting Mo and V, focusing on leachingLeaching, solventExtraction extractionSolvent extraction, precipitationPrecipitation, and emerging methods like bioleaching and microwave-assisted extraction. Key challenges include selective separationSelective separation in multi-metal systems, impurities management, and process optimizationOptimization. The study examines leachingLeaching mechanisms, emphasizing the role of acid concentration, temperature, and catalyst composition on recyclingRecycling and recoveryRecovery efficiency. Solvent extractionSolvent extraction techniques using organic reagents are analyzed for their selectivity and solvent loss issues. Advanced methods such as ion exchange and electrochemical recovery are explored for improved purity. Environmental concerns, including acidic waste and sustainable reagent alternatives, are addressed alongside economic and regulatory drivers. Future trends point toward biohydrometallurgy and circular economyCircular economy integration to meet rising demand for critical metalsCritical metals amid resource scarcity.

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Recovery, Process Integration, and Challenges in Hydrometallurgical Processing of Molybdenum- and Vanadium-Containing Spent Catalysts

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Kumari Richa Rao,
  • Balram Ambade

摘要

Spent catalysts from petroleum refining and chemical industries are valuable secondary sources of molybdenum (Mo) and vanadiumVanadium (V), yet their efficient recoveryRecovery remains challenging. This paper reviews hydrometallurgical techniques for extracting Mo and V, focusing on leachingLeaching, solventExtraction extractionSolvent extraction, precipitationPrecipitation, and emerging methods like bioleaching and microwave-assisted extraction. Key challenges include selective separationSelective separation in multi-metal systems, impurities management, and process optimizationOptimization. The study examines leachingLeaching mechanisms, emphasizing the role of acid concentration, temperature, and catalyst composition on recyclingRecycling and recoveryRecovery efficiency. Solvent extractionSolvent extraction techniques using organic reagents are analyzed for their selectivity and solvent loss issues. Advanced methods such as ion exchange and electrochemical recovery are explored for improved purity. Environmental concerns, including acidic waste and sustainable reagent alternatives, are addressed alongside economic and regulatory drivers. Future trends point toward biohydrometallurgy and circular economyCircular economy integration to meet rising demand for critical metalsCritical metals amid resource scarcity.