Water-Free Recycling of LIB Cathode Metals via Electrochemical Methods Using Low-Temperature Molten Salts
摘要
The rapid growth of electric vehicles and portable electronics has led to an increasing demand for lithium-ion batteriesLithium-Ion Batteries (LIBs), and consequently, an urgent need for sustainable recyclingRecycling strategies to recover valuable metals from spent LIBs. Cathode materials, which typically contain critical metalsCritical metals such as nickelNickel, cobaltCobalt, manganese, aluminumAluminum, and lithiumLithium, represent a significant opportunity for resource recoveryRecovery. Conventional hydrometallurgical recycling methods rely heavily on aggressive acids, oxidizing agents, and large volumes of water, generating substantial waste and posing environmental and safety risks. In this study, we propose an alternative approach using low-melting-point molten salt systems to directly recover metal constituents from LIB cathode materials via electrodeposition. This method eliminates the need for leachingLeaching, neutralization, and solution purification steps, significantly reducing the number of process stages and simplifying operational control. The molten salt medium allows direct electrochemical reduction of metal ions at relatively low temperatures (<400 °C), enabling selective and energy-efficient recoveryRecovery of transition and base metals. Avoiding hazardous chemicals and water consumption both minimizes environmental harm and simplifies waste handling. In all, the molten salt process offers a cleaner, more compact, and potentially scalable solution for the recyclingRecycling of LIBsLithium-ion battery recycling.