The use of information technology (IT) and artificial intelligence (AI) in analyzing multilingual data in Kyrgyzstan is becoming an essential tool for ethnosociological and ethnographic research. This research explores how IT and AI contribute to examining linguistic identity, bilingualism, and code-switching within the context of Kyrgyz society. Particular attention is given to the challenges of processing multilingual data in a region with strong oral traditions, the limited support for Kyrgyz and other regional languages in natural language processing (NLP) algorithms, and the role of sociocultural factors in shaping linguistic practices. This research takes an interdisciplinary approach, positioned at the intersection of ethnosociology, sociology, linguistics, and information technology. It emphasizes the importance of employing advanced digital tools to analyze multilingual data, fostering a deeper understanding of intercultural interaction and the transformation of ethnic identity in Kyrgyzstan’s multilingual environment. Special focus is placed on the use of AI to process and analyze polylingual texts, enabling the study of linguistic diversity as a vital aspect of cultural dynamics in a multiethnic society.