The global world can no longer be imagined without artificial intelligence (AI), which has gained widespread adoption. AI is intended to make a significant contribution to the development of nations and societies, enhancing the quality of life for their populations. Nevertheless, their integration is accompanied by several risks. In Russia, the development of AI has been somewhat restrained due to various barriers, making it essential to examine international experience to find ways of mitigating emerging threats. This research aims to identify the main risks to the country’s socio-economic development associated with the advancement of AI. The analysis based on the experiences of the USA and China revealed that the implementation of AI leads to the optimization of corporate business processes, improvements in quality of life, greater public safety, and more. However, during the integration of this technology, pressing issues arise, such as maintaining a balance between excessive government regulation and over-liberalization, managing the risks of large corporate dominance, safeguarding the nation’s technological sovereignty, protecting citizens’ data, and addressing ethical considerations. The examination of foreign experience in the field of AI has provided valuable insights for improving Russia’s strategy for AI development.