This chapter explores two critical educational concepts, learner autonomy and self-regulated learning (SRL), highlighting their growing relevance within contemporary higher education. Learner autonomy involves students taking control of their learning goals, strategies, resources, and evaluations, thereby promoting lifelong learning skills. SRL is defined through core theoretical frameworks, emphasising metacognition, motivation, and behavioural self-management as essential for academic success. In this chapter, we compare these concepts, identifying both overlaps and distinctions, and discuss practical challenges in implementing them within educational settings. Strategies for overcoming barriers, including autonomy-supportive teaching, flexible curriculum design, reflective practices, and effective technology use, are presented. Finally, the chapter highlights the necessity for pedagogical and institutional shifts toward more learner-centred environments, arguing these are crucial for fostering deeper engagement, enhancing students' adaptability, and equipping learners with the tools required for ongoing personal and professional development.