This paper presents a scalable framework for assessing threatening online communication using eight theoretically grounded warning indicators. These indicators are extracted through a hybrid approach that integrates dictionary-based methods, machine learning classifiers, and large language models. Our findings show a statistically significant correlation between the presence of these indicators and expert assessments of individuals deemed to pose a risk of targeted violence. This underscores the potential of the proposed indicators to support reliable and efficient threat assessment in digital environments.

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When Words Become Warnings. Assessing Threatening Communication in Online Spaces

  • Lukas Lundmark,
  • Lisa Kaati,
  • James Silver,
  • Amendra Shrestha

摘要

This paper presents a scalable framework for assessing threatening online communication using eight theoretically grounded warning indicators. These indicators are extracted through a hybrid approach that integrates dictionary-based methods, machine learning classifiers, and large language models. Our findings show a statistically significant correlation between the presence of these indicators and expert assessments of individuals deemed to pose a risk of targeted violence. This underscores the potential of the proposed indicators to support reliable and efficient threat assessment in digital environments.