Oman’s agricultural sector is facing growing energy demands, prompting a need for sustainable power solutions. This study investigates how solar-powered microgrids can meet these needs in alignment with Oman Vision 2040. The research draws on a mixed-methods approach, including stakeholder interviews and survey responses from 286 participants. Using SmartPLS 4, the study tested a structural model to examine how economic viability, regulatory policies, solar technology, and innovation affect adoption. The results highlight technological readiness and reliable systems as key drivers, while policy-related barriers remain challenging. Based on the findings, the study outlines practical recommendations to improve adoption, strengthen rural energy resilience, and support sustainable agricultural development.