Discontinuum-Based Analysis of URM Walls with Weak Brick and Strong Mortar Under Out-of-Plane Loading
摘要
This paper presents out-of-plane (OOP) behavior of unreinforced masonry (URM) walls following the simplified-micro modeling (SMM) approach based on the discrete element method (DEM). To capture potential cracking in bricks, they are discretized into two equal cuboidal blocks, referred to as the Two-block model, and eight triangular prism-shaped blocks, referred to as the Eight-block model. The latter facilitates failure interfaces aligned in multiple directions, whereas the former provides only a vertical failure interface within the brick. The DEM models are validated against the experimental OOP two-way bending URM wall under monotonic pushover load, supported along its all four edges. Results in terms of cracking pattern and lateral load-displacement response using both the models are found to be in good agreement with the experimental observations. Further, a case study on URM wall with weak brick-strong mortar (WB-SM) is presented subjected to same OOP loading scheme. The Eight-block model exhibited a diagonal cracking pattern propagating through the bricks following an initial vertical crack at the centre, whereas the Two-block model only replicated vertical cracking at the centre of the wall. Moreover, the diagonal crack observed in the WB-SM case differs from the typical diagonal cracks in URM with strong bricks and weak mortar, where cracks tend to follow the mortar joints. This highlights the importance of discretizing bricks with failure interfaces aligned in multiple directions, especially in URM cases like WB-SM, where significant brick cracking is expected.