Banská Štiavnica, one of Slovakia’s oldest medieval mining towns, was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List over 30 years ago for its urban-architectural structures and for preserved traces of mining. Since then, many of these structures were deteriorating, the town has faced gradual losses to its cultural heritage. Key causes include neglected maintenance, lack of skilled craftsmanship, and insufficient documentation of historic structures. In early 2023, a devastating fire destroyed six historic buildings in the town centre. Recognizing the vulnerability of historical structures and following international guidelines for heritage documentation, the research focused on creating a comprehensive documentation of the town’s most important and at-risk constructions. The authors present the outcomes of experimental documentation of selected vulnerable structures, utilizing a multidisciplinary approach. The primary objective is to identify the most effective digital recording methods for various historical elements – such as roof trusses, wooden ceilings, frescoes and portals – to ensure these can be used for future interventions, including diagnostics, restoration, and construction research. The paper highlights that different types of structures and artistic details require different surveying technologies and methods and showcases the effectiveness of terrestrial laser scanning and photogrammetry. The research also underscores the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in producing high-quality documentation, which serves as a critical resource for practical use in diagnostics, restoration, and conservation, while also providing essential archival material in the case of future disasters.