To advance sustainable development, it is essential to learn from historical construction typologies and apply this knowledge to modern reconstruction and the creation of new, sustainable building systems. This study investigates rubble stone embedded in cementitious, higher-strength mixes used in structural systems of masonry and concrete walls since the early \(20^\textrm{th}\) century. Although this method is still implemented in some parts of the world, especially for low-rise residential buildings, it often remains undocumented and is typically classified as non-engineered construction. Previous experimental investigations on rubble stone masonry walls have focused mainly on low-strength lime or weak cement mortars (typically < 5 MPa). However, in rubble stone masonry with thicker joints and increased mortar volume, the mortar properties play a more significant role in the mechanical behavior and overall strength of the wall. This paper reviews available experimental studies, historical records, and regulatory documents related to rubble stone masonry with higher-strength (5–20  MPa) cementitious binders. It identifies gaps in current regulations, as the behavior and design of such systems are described only qualitatively, lacking validation through experiments across varying mortar strengths. An analysis of traditional typologies, such as Kašuni in Croatia and Debesh concrete in Israel, alongside recent studies on concrete demolition waste masonry (CDWM), provides insight into structural performance, seismic behavior, and material reuse. The findings underscore the need for updated, performance-based design codes adapted to modern rubble stone masonry. Finally, recognizing and validating historical techniques is essential to bridge the gap between traditional knowledge and contemporary sustainable engineering.