In this paper, results of several investigations on material samples from three sources of stone in Anatolia are presented: 1) An ancient roman temple from Antioch ad Cragum near modern day town of Gazipasa (Antioch); 2) A quarry near this ancient Roman site (Quarry1), and 3) Another stone quarry near Izmir (Quarry 2). The objectives are to identify the material characteristics of these materials to help make informed decisions for the conservation of the temple and to contribute to the international database of ancient and modern marble properties. According to the petrographic examination, Antioch and Quarry 1 stone are alike and are classified as marble, while Quarry 2 stone is classified as a high-density limestone. This refutes prior publications that claimed there is no naturally occurring marble in Anatolia. Further, while the average compressive strengths of Antioch stones and nearby Quarry 1 are nearly identical, Quarry 2 stones have a compressive strength almost twice as high and are more isotropic in nature due to lack of natural foliation planes. The findings provide support for the use of the Quarry 1 stone as replacement of Antioch marble, in the case of an anastylosis of the temple. Absorption tests show that the aged Antioch marble has more than double the absorption rate compared to the quarry marble. This aligns with the lower wet compression strength noted for Antioch stone and indicates some level of internal deterioration. Finally, none of the samples tested contained salts, which informs selection of future repair materials.