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Carpentry joints are critical structural components in traditional timber frame construction, enabling load transfer between elements and energy dissipation during seismic events. These joints typically exhibit semi-rigid behavior, governed by their geometric and material characteristics across different building typologies. However, under extreme loading conditions, they are particularly vulnerable to damage. Experimental analysis is essential for understanding their mechanical and seismic response and to inform and validate effective retrofitting strategies. This study investigates the mechanical behavior under lateral loading of a traditional mortise-and-tenon joint characteristic of the historical tabique-adobillo timber frame typology from Valparaíso, Chile, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Twelve T-shaped full-scale specimens were fabricated using robotic machining techniques and tested under pseudo-static monotonic and cyclic lateral loading. Half of the specimens were reinforced using two exploratory retrofitting strategies, featuring post-tensioned steel cable systems. The experimental results were analyzed in terms of hysteretic behavior, strength and stiffness capacity, and failure modes. The findings indicate that the reinforced joints achieve moderate improvement in structural capacity.

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Experimental Evaluation of Mortise-and-Tenon Joints in Traditional Timber Frames Under Lateral Loads and Validation of Reinforcement Strategies

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Belén Jiménez,
  • José Peña,
  • Ramiro Bazáez,
  • Luis Pérez,
  • Francisco Quitral,
  • Constanza Cornejo,
  • Vicente Guzmán

摘要

Carpentry joints are critical structural components in traditional timber frame construction, enabling load transfer between elements and energy dissipation during seismic events. These joints typically exhibit semi-rigid behavior, governed by their geometric and material characteristics across different building typologies. However, under extreme loading conditions, they are particularly vulnerable to damage. Experimental analysis is essential for understanding their mechanical and seismic response and to inform and validate effective retrofitting strategies. This study investigates the mechanical behavior under lateral loading of a traditional mortise-and-tenon joint characteristic of the historical tabique-adobillo timber frame typology from Valparaíso, Chile, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Twelve T-shaped full-scale specimens were fabricated using robotic machining techniques and tested under pseudo-static monotonic and cyclic lateral loading. Half of the specimens were reinforced using two exploratory retrofitting strategies, featuring post-tensioned steel cable systems. The experimental results were analyzed in terms of hysteretic behavior, strength and stiffness capacity, and failure modes. The findings indicate that the reinforced joints achieve moderate improvement in structural capacity.