This chapter provides a detailed examination of the political development of Fratelli d’Italia (Brothers of Italy, FdI) over the past decade, tracing its trajectory from its foundation in late 2012 to the the victory at the 2022 general election s and the historic role of Giorgia Meloni as Italy’s first female Prime Minister. FdI emerged during a period of significant economic and political upheaval in Europe. The party was established amidst the “spread crisis,” a critical episode within the broader European sovereign debt crisis that affected the European Union profoundly from 2009 onwards. The party’s formation was characterised by a strategic split from Il Popolo della Libertà (The People of Freedom), driven by ideological and strategic differences within the Italian right. Key founding members Meloni, La Russa and Crosetto chose to distance themselves from Gianfranco Fini’s reformist project and Silvio Berlusconi’s leadership, particularly in reaction to the latter’s endorsement of the technocratic government headed by Mario Monti, which was widely perceived as a departure from traditional right-wing populist positions. Over the course of a decade, FdI transitioned from being a marginal and relatively obscure political entity at risk of irrelevance to becoming a major player in Italy’s political landscape. This culminated in the 25 September 2022 general election, where FdI emerged as the leading party within a right-wing coalition, securing approximately 26% of the national vote. This coalition, united under a broadly right-wing platform, amassed nearly 44% of the vote, thereby consolidating a formidable political majority. The chapter contextualises FdI’s growth within broader national and international dynamics, including shifts in right-wing ideology, the legacy of post-fascist traditions in Italy, and the evolving nature of populist and conservative politics across Europe. It also explores how FdI has navigated the complex internal tensions between its historical roots and the demands of achieving mainstream political legitimacy within contemporary Italian and European contexts. Through this analysis, it sheds light on how FdI’s political strategy and ideological positioning reflect and influence wider trends in the reconfiguration of right-wing politics in Italy and beyond.