Our study explores the transformative role of Blockchain Technology (BCT) in capital markets (CM) employing a mixed-method research design. We synthesize extant research and analyse global regulatory case studies, particularly focusing on the Indian context. Utilising both bibliometric analysis and qualitative case study research, our paper highlights the evolution of academic discourse, publication trends, and practical applications of Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) across equities, debt, and derivatives markets. Our findings indicate that while BCT promises efficiency, transparency, decentralization, and cost reduction, its large-scale adoption remains constrained by regulatory uncertainty, scalability concerns, and institutional resistance. This paper emphasizes the emerging regulatory frameworks in the US, EU, and Asia-Pacific, acknowledging diverse approaches ranging from innovation-friendly sandboxes to cautious restrictions. We find limited empirical evidence on systemic risk, tokenization, liquidity, and ESG-linked instruments; hence, we propose future research avenues that integrate finance, law, computer science, and public policy. Through coherent mapping of the global regulatory landscape and reviewing scholarly contributions, our paper contributes to understanding how BCT is reshaping CM infrastructure and provides pathways for policymakers, regulators, and market participants toward responsible and sustainable digital transformation.