Smart Cities in Action: Integrating IoT, AI, and Cloud Infrastructure for Sustainable Urban Living
摘要
The acceleration of urbanization presents complex challenges for sustainability, governance, and citizen well-being. Smart cities emerge as adaptive solutions, grounded in the convergence of Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and cloud computing. IoT sensors embedded across infrastructures generate vast, real-time data streams, while AI algorithms provide predictive insights for mobility, energy, and safety management. Cloud infrastructures enable interoperability, secure storage, and scalable integration across heterogeneous systems. Theoretically, this integration aligns with socio-technical systems theory, highlighting the interdependence of technological and social layers; resilience theory, emphasizing adaptive capacities for coping with urban uncertainties; and sustainability transitions theory, framing how innovations drive systemic change in urban environments. These perspectives reveal how smart cities can function not merely as technological solutions but as socio-technical ecosystems that enhance sustainability, inclusivity, and resilience. However, ethical concerns regarding privacy, security, and governance necessitate robust regulatory frameworks. This study contributes to understanding the transformative potential and theoretical underpinnings of IoT–AI–cloud synergies for future urban living.