The Instrument for Pre-accession Assistance (IPA) provides financial and technical assistance as well as support for reforms in the European Union (EU) “enlargement countries”. Covering a myriad of investment priorities, such as public administration reform, the rule of law, economic sustainability, people, agriculture, and rural development, the purpose of the IPA is to be both an effective investment towards positive development of the enlargement countries and the EU territory itself. In this stance, this chapter builds on the analysis of the IPA investment strategies and approved projects for the current beneficiaries (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, and Turkey) and their potential contribution for a more balanced and cohesive EU territory via the support for: (i) socioeconomic cohesion processes; (ii) territorial governance and cooperation processes; (iii) environmental sustainability processes, and (iv) spatial planning processes. The research exposes the central importance of the IPA to solidify regional development and territorial governance and cooperation processes in candidate countries, to prepare them for the EU accession process. In overall terms, however, it was possible to conclude that the IPA programme has not been particularly impactful in promoting a more balanced and cohesive EU territory.