Malta alone from the 2004 accession states showed a marked skepticism to the notion of joining the EU with one of the two main parties opposed. This meant that its 1990 application was “frozen” from 1996 to 1998 and the issue of whether the country would eventually join not resolved until the membership referendum (53% in favour, 47% opposed) in 2003. This uncertainty had a significant impact on pre-accession preparations and helps account for the 76 special arrangements negotiated in the Maltese accession treaty, much touted at the time as second only to Poland in terms of ‘EU concessions’. During the pre-accession period 2000–2003, Malta was allocated EUR 38 million with that money being targeted at priority actions listed in the Accession Partnership (AP) and the National Plan for the Adoption of the Aquis (NPAA). A significant bulk of this money went towards Customs, Agriculture, Transport and focused on “twinnings”. This chapter will examine how the priority actions were negotiated, what concessions were made (in particular how the lack of substantive preparations pre-2002 meant that Malta was effectively rushing to keep up with the pre-membership adaptations) as well as discussing whether the rushed nature of Malta’s utilization of pre-accession funds impacted their implementation and effectiveness as assessed through ex-post monitoring.